60th-62nd Prelims 2017

Explanation:

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) controls hereditary characteristics. It is a double-stranded nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of organisms. DNA is located in the cell nucleus and passes genetic information from parents to offspring.

Explanation:

The incorrect match is Vitamin B1: Oranges. Oranges are a good source of Vitamin C, not Vitamin B1 (Thiamine). Vitamin B1 is mainly found in cereals, legumes, and some nuts. Vitamin D: Cod Liver Oil, Vitamin E: Wheat Germ Oil, and Vitamin K: Alfalfa are correctly matched.

Explanation:

Teflon, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is formed from the monomer tetrafluoroethylene. It is chemically inert, resistant to corrosion, and widely used for non-stick coatings and in the production of gaskets and seals.

Explanation:

Bakelite is formed through condensation polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde, catalyzed by acidic or alkaline conditions. It is a thermosetting polymer used in electrical insulators, combs, and kitchen utensils due to its durability, heat resistance, and insulating properties.

Explanation:

Vitamin D2, also called ergocalciferol, is obtained from plant-based sources like fungi and yeast. It helps maintain adequate vitamin D levels, supporting bone health and calcium absorption.

Explanation:

The pair 'Tocopherol-Beri Beri' is incorrect. Tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency causes neurological issues, not beriberi. Beriberi is caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency. Other pairs are correctly matched.

Explanation:

Insulin is a protein hormone produced by the pancreas. It regulates blood sugar by facilitating glucose uptake into cells, promotes glycogen storage, inhibits glycogen breakdown, and assists fat synthesis. It is used in therapy for diabetes.

Explanation:

Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections by inhibiting bacterial growth. Quinine is used for malaria, Sulphaguanidine is a sulfonamide with anti-infective properties, and Aspirin is an NSAID, not an antibiotic.

Explanation:

Oxytocin, released by the pituitary gland, stimulates smooth muscle contraction around mammary ducts, causing milk ejection during breastfeeding. Other hormones do not directly trigger milk release.

Explanation:

Hydrogen gas is used in hydrogenation of Vanaspati oil to produce Vanaspati Ghee. Hydrogen converts unsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones, giving the oil a semi-solid consistency similar to ghee.

Explanation:

Domestic LPG primarily contains a mixture of propane and butane. It is used for cooking, heating, and vehicles, with small amounts of methane and ethane also present.

Explanation:

Soap removes grease through emulsification, a process where immiscible liquids are dispersed into tiny droplets, forming a semi-stable mixture that can be washed away with water.

Explanation:

Vitamin K is used to counteract anticoagulant poisons, such as rodenticides, by restoring blood clotting. It is essential for synthesis of clotting factors in the liver.

Explanation:

Vitamin A is fat-soluble and primarily stored in the liver. It supports vision, immune function, skin health, and proper growth. Excess is stored for long-term use.

Explanation:

Cobalt-60 emits high-energy gamma rays used in external beam radiation therapy to target cancer cells, including leukemia. It is effective for various types of cancer treatments.

Explanation:

Iodised salt contains potassium iodide as a source of iodine, which is essential for thyroid gland function and prevents iodine deficiency disorders like goiter.

Explanation:

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is the most abundant in acid rain, formed from sulfur dioxide reacting with atmospheric moisture. Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and carbonic acid are present in smaller amounts.

Explanation:

The Higgs boson, nicknamed the 'God Particle,' is associated with the Higgs field which gives mass to fundamental particles. It was theorized in 1964 and confirmed by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider.

Explanation:

Correct matches: Skin Cancer-Ultraviolet light, Noise Pollution-Decibel, Global Warming-Carbon dioxide, Ozone Hole-Chlorofluorocarbons. This reflects the main cause or measure associated with each environmental issue.

Explanation:

Correct matches: Aspartame-Artificial Sweetener, Freon-Refrigerant, Neoprene-Synthetic Rubber, Benadryl-Anti-Histamine. Each item correctly corresponds to its common use or type.