56-59th Prelims 2015

Explanation:

The Regulating Act was enacted in 1773 AD based on a committee report headed by British Prime Minister Lord North. It designated the Governor of Bengal as the Governor-General of Bengal, created an executive council of four members, made the governors of Bombay and Madras subordinate, established a Supreme Court at Calcutta, and prohibited company servants from engaging in private trade or accepting bribes.

Explanation:

Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during 1857. He was the last Governor General and the first Viceroy of India. As Governor General [1856-1858], he oversaw the Revolt of 1857, passed the Widow Remarriage Act, and withdrew the Doctrine of Lapse. As Viceroy [1858-62], he enacted the Indian Council Act, managed the White Mutiny, Indian Penal Code implementation, and addressed the Indigo Riots in Bengal.

Explanation:

After the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922, where a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station killing 22 policemen, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement, referring to it as his 'Himalayan Blunder'. The incident occurred in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh and deeply pained Gandhi due to the violent turn of events.

Explanation:

The Swadeshi and Boycott movement [1905-1908] emerged as a response to the Partition of Bengal by the British on 20th July 1905. It involved boycotting British goods and promoting indigenous products, with the partition's enforcement date, 16th October 1905, observed as a 'day of mourning' across Bengal.

Explanation:

Sarojini Naidu presided over the Kanpur session of the Indian National Congress in 1925, becoming the first Indian woman to do so. Known as 'The Nightingale of India', she was born on 13th February 1879 and later became the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh. She participated in the Dharasana Salt Satyagraha in 1930 and the 2nd Round Table Conference in 1931.

Explanation:

Madam Bhikaji Cama unfurled the first Indian tricolour flag of freedom at an International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany, on 21st August 1907. She was a Parsi revolutionary who operated from Paris and Geneva and published the journal 'Bande Mataram'.

Explanation:

The Pagal Panthi, a semi-religious group mainly among the Hajong and Garo tribes of Mymensingh district (formerly in Bengal), was founded by Karam Shah. Tribal peasants, led by his son Tipu, resisted zamindar oppression, refusing to pay excessive rent and attacking zamindar properties between 1825-1835.

Explanation:

The Faraizis were followers of the Muslim reformist sect founded by Haji Shariatullah in Faridpur, Eastern Bengal. They aimed for religious, social, and political reform, opposing English interference and supporting tenants against zamindars. The movement continued under his son, Muhsinuddin Ahmad (Dudu Miyan), from 1838 to 1857.

Explanation:

The Ramosis, hill tribes of Western India, particularly the Western Ghats, resisted British annexation policies after the Maratha territories were taken over. They rose under Chittur Singh in 1822, plundering areas around Satara, although some were recruited into the hill police by the British.

Explanation:

The Waghera chiefs of Okha Mandal in Baroda took up arms in 1818–19 due to resentment against British-supported exactions by the Gaekwad of Baroda. The uprising led to a peace treaty in November 1820.

Explanation:

The British passed several acts to control the press: the Press Act of 1835 (Metcalfe Act), Registration Act of 1867, Vernacular Press Act of 1878 (Gagging Act), and Newspaper (Incitement to Offences) Act of 1908, aiming to regulate, suppress, and control seditious publications.

Explanation:

The split in the Congress during the early 20th century arose due to disagreements over the strategies, objectives, and participation of the people in the Congress movement. Hence, 'All of the above' is correct.

Explanation:

Aurobindo Ghose authored 'New Lamps for Old', criticizing Congress for neglecting the proletariat. He was an Indian philosopher, poet, nationalist, and yogi, arrested for the Alipore Conspiracy. Later, he developed 'Integral Yoga' and founded Sri Aurobindo Ashram in Pondicherry with Mirra Alfassa.

Explanation:

The Nehru Report (1928) was drafted by a committee headed by Motilal Nehru on 'Constitutional Arrangements in India'. It recommended Dominion status, joint electorates with reserved Muslim seats, linguistic provinces, 19 fundamental rights, responsible government at Centre and provinces, and separation of state from religion.

Explanation:

Katherine Mayo, Aldous Huxley, Charles Andrews, and William Digby all wrote commentaries on India's condition under British rule. Mayo authored 'Mother India', Andrews supported Gandhi and was called 'Deenbandhu', and Digby was a British journalist and author.

Explanation:

The poem 'Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna...' was written by Bismil Azimabadi (1901-?), an Urdu poet from Patna, Bihar. Ram Prasad Bismil later recited it while being led to the gallows, popularizing it among freedom fighters.

Explanation:

Maulana Hasrat Mohani (Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan) demanded 'Complete Independence' in 1921. He coined the slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long Live the Revolution) and was an activist in the Indian independence movement.

Explanation:

The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formally established in 1925 at the Indian Communist Conference in Kanpur, while the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) was also founded in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar.

Explanation:

The Third Round Table Conference took place in London from November 17 to December 24, 1932. These conferences were organized to discuss constitutional reforms in India following the Simon Commission report. The First was 1930-31, and the Second was 1931 with Gandhi as Congress's sole representative.