63th Prelims 2018

Explanation:

The Bombay Presidency Association was established by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, and KT Telang in 1885. It was created to respond to the Ilbert Bill controversy and Lord Lytton’s reactionary policies. Since more than one of the listed figures was involved, Tayabji (Badruddin Tyabji) is included as the correct representative in the options. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

Lord Curzon established the Imperial Cadet Corps in 1901 to provide military training to Indian subjects under British administration. During Curzon's reign (1899-1905), several key administrative actions occurred, including the appointment of a Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer (1902), the MacDonnell Commission on Famine (1901), establishment of the Department of Commerce and Industry, Calcutta Corporation Act (1899), Ancient Monuments Preservation Act (1904), Partition of Bengal, and Younghusband’s mission to Tibet (1904). [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The British government announced the partition of Bengal on 20th July, 1905. Discussions at the Calcutta Town Hall on 7th August, 1905, led to the start of the Swadeshi Movement. The partition came into force on 16th October, 1905, which was observed as a 'day of mourning' across Bengal. This movement led to the Swadeshi and Boycott campaigns from 1905-08. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

Curzon Wyllie was assassinated on 1st July, 1909, in London by Madan Lal Dhingra. During a meeting of the National Indian Association, Dhingra shot Wyllie dead. He made no attempt to escape and voluntarily accepted the death sentence. He was hanged in London on 17th August, 1909. Born in a wealthy Amritsar family on 17th February, 1883, Madan Lal Dhingra had come to England in 1906 to study engineering, where he became associated with Veer Savarkar and other revolutionaries. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The post of the Indian High Commissioner was created under the Government of India Act, 1919, based on the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms. The Act introduced dyarchy in provinces, a bicameral legislature at the Centre (Council of State and Legislative Assembly), separate electorates for Sikhs, Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Muslims, and separated central and provincial budgets. The High Commissioner was appointed in London for six years to oversee Indian trade in Europe. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The Indian National Congress did not participate in the First and Third Round Table Conferences. The conferences were organized to address the inadequacies of the Simon Commission. The First Round Table Conference was held from November 1930 to January 1931, chaired by Ramsay Macdonald. The Second Round Table Conference (September-December 1931) saw participation by Mahatma Gandhi following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. The Third Round Table Conference was held from November to December 1932. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

Mahatma Gandhi presided over the 39th session of the Indian National Congress held at Belgaum (now Belagavi), Karnataka, in 1924. Other sessions: 1922 - 37th session at Gaya presided by C.R. Das, 1928 - 43rd session at Calcutta presided by Motilal Nehru. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The Cabinet Mission sent to India in 1946 by British PM Clement Attlee comprised three members: Pethick Lawrence (Secretary of State for India, chairman), Stafford Cripps (President of the Board of Trade), and A.V. Alexander (First Lord of the Admiralty). Lord Wavell was not part of this mission. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The pamphlet 'Now or Never' was written by Rahmat Ali on 28th January 1933. He was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of Pakistan. The pamphlet also introduced the word 'Pakistan' for the first time, titled 'Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever'. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

'Sati' was declared illegal by Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of Bengal (1828-1833). He abolished Sati in 1829, annexed Mysore in 1831, and signed a treaty with Ranjit Singh. Bentinck is also known as the 'Father of Modern Western Education in India'. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The Punjab Land Alienation Act was enacted in 1900 by the British Raj to limit transfer of land ownership. It created an 'agricultural tribes category', membership of which was almost compulsory to buy or sell land. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

Akbar (1556-1605) was the ruler when the English East India Company was formed. In 1599, English merchants called 'Merchant Adventurers' formed the company, and on December 31, 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter of exclusive trading rights. Initially a 15-year monopoly was granted, extended indefinitely in 1609. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

Gwalior was not annexed by the British. The Doctrine of Lapse under Lord Dalhousie led to annexation of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Baghpat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854), while Awadh was annexed due to maladministration and Sindh by Charles Napier in 1843. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The Salt Satyagraha, part of the Civil Disobedience Movement, aimed at multiple objectives: repeal of Salt Laws, curtailing government power, economic relief for common people, and ultimately Poornna Swaraj (Complete Independence) for India. Gandhi presented 11 demands to the government on January 31, 1930, including abolition of the salt tax. When demands were ignored, the movement began with Salt Satyagraha as its focal point. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The Moplah (Mappila) Rebellion of 1921 occurred in Kerala during Lord Reading’s tenure (1921-26). It was against British colonial rule and the prevailing feudal system controlled by elite Hindus. Rebels attacked colonial institutions such as telegraph lines, train stations, courts, and post offices. Other events during Lord Reading’s period included Chauri Chaura incident (1922), repeal of Press Act 1910, Kakori train robbery (1925), and establishment of Swaraj Party. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]

Explanation:

The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement (1905-08) originated from the anti-partition agitation of Bengal. British government announced the partition on 20th July, 1905. Discussions at Calcutta Town Hall on 7th August, 1905, initiated the Swadeshi Movement. The partition came into force on 16th October, 1905, observed as a 'day of mourning'. [63RD BPSC PRELIMS EXAM, 2018]